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1914 - World War I
World War I: Battle of Stallupönen: The German army of General Hermann von François defeats the Russian force commanded by Paul von Rennenkampf near modern-day Nesterov, Russia.
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1549 - Prayer Book Rebellion
Battle of Sampford Courtenay: The Prayer Book Rebellion is quashed in England.
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1916 - Treaty of Bucharest (1916)
World War I: Romania signs a secret treaty with the Entente Powers. According to the treaty, Romania agreed to join the war on the Allied side.
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1945 - National Assembly of Vietnam
The National Representatives' Congress, the precursor of the current National Assembly of Vietnam, convenes in Sơn Dương.
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1896 - Dawson Charlie
Skookum Jim Mason, George Carmack and Dawson Charlie discover gold in a tributary of the Klondike River in Canada, setting off the Klondike Gold Rush.
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1837 - St. Joseph Mutiny
Three African soldiers in the 1st West India Regiment – Daaga, Edward Coffin and Maurice Ogston – are executed for their role in the St. Joseph Mutiny in the British colony of Trinidad.
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2020 - Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine
Russia begins production on the Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine.
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1945 - World War II
Emperor Hirohito broadcasts his declaration of surrender following the effective surrender of Japan in World War II; Korea gains independence from the Empire of Japan.
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1096 - First Crusade
Starting date of the First Crusade as set by Pope Urban II.
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2021 - 2021 Haiti earthquake
A magnitude 7.2 earthquake strikes southwestern Haiti, killing at least 2,248 people and causing a humanitarian crisis.
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1947 - Pakistan Movement
Pakistan gains independence from the British Empire as the Dominion of Pakistan, due to the partition of India.
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1791 - The Night the Chains Broke in Bois Caïman
In the shadowed woods of the northern plain, a clandestine Vodou ceremony sparked the first organized revolt against slavery in the Caribbean. The gathering led by the houngan Dutty Boukman and mambo Cécile Fatiman set Haiti on a path to become the first Black republic.